Pilonidal Cysts

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Pilonidal Cysts

What is a pilonidal cyst?

Definition:

A pilonidal cyst is a unique type of cyst that forms under the skin, typically found near the tailbone at the upper part of the buttocks. It often contains hair and skin particles.

Formation:

These cysts commonly develop when a hair penetrates the skin and becomes trapped.

Symptoms:

Infection can occur, leading to severe pain. This requires drainage through a minor surgical procedure in some cases.

Risk Factors:

- Most Affected Group: Young adult males.
- Reoccurrence: High likelihood of returning.
- Lifestyle Factor: Prolonged sitting increases risk.

Treatment:

- Draining the cyst through a small skin incision.
- Surgical removal may be necessary for some cases.

What are the Causes of a Pilonidal Cyst?

Primary Cause: Loose hairs penetrating the skin.

Contributing Factors: Skin friction, pressure from tight clothing, cycling, or extensive periods of sitting pushing hair into the skin.

Body's Response: Formation of a cyst around the hair to facilitate its expulsion.

Common Location: Typically occurs at the tailbone.

Occupational Hazard: Individuals involved in animal grooming or hair cutting may develop cysts between their fingers.

What are the Risk Factors?

Age and Gender: Predominantly young adult white males.

Weight: Being overweight.
Lifestyle: Sedentary habits.

Sitting Habits: Long durations of sitting.

Body Hair: Thick, stiff body hair increases susceptibility.

Complications:

Recurrent Infections: Frequent infections can occur without proper treatment.

Cancer Risk: Persistent infections may elevate the risk for squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer.

What are the Symptoms of a Pilonidal Cyst?

Without Infection:

A pilonidal cyst might not present any noticeable symptoms.

Infected Cyst Symptoms:

Location: A depression near the buttocks' upper crease.
Discomfort: Presence of pain.
Skin Condition: Inflamed and swollen surrounding skin.
Discharge: Pus or blood emanating from a skin opening.
Smell: Distinct odor due to the draining pus.

When to Reach Out to Your Doctor:

Immediate Action: Seek medical attention upon detecting any signs indicative of a pilonidal cyst to receive appropriate care.

Prevention Strategies:

Hygiene: Regular washing to remove dirt and reduce sweat.
Weight Management: Achieving or maintaining a healthy weight.
Activity: Limiting time spent sitting.
Hair Removal: For individuals with a history of pilonidal cysts, regular shaving or the use of hair removal products in the affected area is recommended to lessen the chance of recurrence.